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| CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS |
| TUESDAY, APRIL 25, 2006 | |
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HOW INTERNATIONAL POLICIES IMPACT |
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Dr. Sara Kaman, DVM Regional Trade Director USDA, APHIS, Veterinary Services 4700 River Road Riverdale, MD 20737
Tel.: + 1 301-734-4356 Fax: + 1 301-734-3222
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“The
Relevancy of International Trade
Regional Trade Director
USDA, APHIS, Veterinary
Services |
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Dr. Kaman is a Senior Staff
Veterinarian for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and
Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Veterinary Services, National
Center for Import and Export. As the Regional Trade Director for
Europe, Australia/New Zealand, and Africa, she is responsible for
facilitating market access for U.S. animals and animal products in these
regions. In this role, Dr. Kaman provides scientific and technical
support, and is involved in international trade policy development. |
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Mr. Sebastiaan “Bas” Ruigrok Touriairestraat 3 1006 BK Amsterdam, Holland
Tel.: + 31-205113820 Fax: + 31-205113830
Bas
Ruigrok graduated from the Athenaeum at the Pallas College in Zoetermeet,
received his Bachelor degree from the Higher Vocational School of
Rijswijk and his Masters Degree from the International Business Studies
at the University of Maastricht. [ Back to Top ]
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Mr. Bas
RUIGROK
Traceability is a hot item in many business sectors these days. More and more companies are implementing traceability systems to increase control over their logistics processes. The most important arguments are getting more transparency in the supply chain, increasing process efficiency and product quality and applying to government regulations. Global standards organisation GS1 has actively been supporting these companies with their traceability-related challenges.
Cooperation between parties is essential for traceability systems to work effectively. The chain is ultimately as strong as the weakest link. Furthermore, to work together in an effective and efficient manner, speaking the same language by all parties is an important condition.
For over 30 years now GS1 has been working on realizing this uniform language side by side with business organisations worldwide. We developed a set of globally supported logistics standards which has fundamentally improved efficiency and visibility of supply chains in many different business sectors.
Our aim for this session was to introduce you to GS1 and its global standards.
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Sr.
Maximiliano Prado D. Isidora Goyenechea 3250 Piso 12 Las Condes—Chile
Tel.: + 56 2 391 2030 Fax: + 56 2 391 2000
Maximiliano Prado studied law at Universidad Católica de Chile and obtained a Master in Law (LL. M) at Mc Gill University, Montreal, Canada in 1998. Since 1993, as an associate of Allende Bascuñán y Cía., he has practiced aeronautical law, specializing himself on issues of cargo and passenger liability. The firm currently represents carriers such as Federal Express, Cargolux, Polar Air Cargo and Air Canada and acting as correspondent of the main reinsurance companies. Mr. Prado has also assumed the defense of other carriers, such as British Airways, Iberia, KLM, Avianca, Aerolíneas Argentinas and Martinair. In 2005 he published “Responsabilidad Civil en el Transporte Aéreo” (Civil Liability in Air Transportation), a book focused in passenger transportation. Since 2002, he actualizes the annual edition of the Chilean Aeronautical Code.
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“Responsibility in International
Sr. Maximiliano PRADO D.
International air transportation is one of the few matters in which the uniformity of legal rules has been fairly successful. In 1929, when air transportation was at its infancy, a number of states convened on the rules of the Warsaw Convention. In the following decades, the technological evolution and the explosive development of air transportation, required to introduce many modifications to the Convention, leading, at the end of the century, to the adoption of a new international treaty, the Montreal Convention of 1999. Even if this treaty is called to replace, in the long term, the Warsaw Convention of 1929 and all its modifications, the current situation is one of confusion, in which the legal regime of air transportation depends on which international treaties have been ratified by the countries of origin and destination of the flight.
Given that the main goal of these international treaties is to provide uniform rules regarding the liability of carriers, the current confusion creates uncertainty about the most delicate subject for a carrier: its liability and its possible limitations. As far as air transportation of live animals is concerned, there has been no special liability rules agreed at an international level. Live animals are considered as cargo, and the carrier assumes the primary obligation of delivering the merchandise in the same condition in which it was received. However, we all know that carrying live animals is very different to carrying inanimate goods, and, in spite of being subject to the same regulations, there are bound to be differences when it comes to issues of liability.
On the contrary, the particularities of live animal transportation have been widely recognized by local and international rules regarding sanitary issues, preservation of endangered species and animal welfare, and all these regulations may have a direct effect when discussing the liability of a carrier or defining which are the measures that a carrier should adopt to avoid damages to a live animal.
In this conference, I will attempt to offer a panoramic view of the legal rules currently applicable to the liability of the carrier of live animals and, at the same time, identify, under those same regulations, which particular liability issues can be raised by transportation of live animals.
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Mr. Gérard Guillaume Manager Quality & Procedures Cargolux Airlines International S.A. L-2990 Luxembourg Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Tel.: + 352 4211 3514 Fax: + 352 4211 3516
Gérard Guillaume, a native of France, graduated in 1985 from Univeristy of Metz with a degree in Foreign Languages. Gérard started his career at Cargolux Airlines in 1987. He has been involved in various positions within Export Ground Services. He was the Manager at Cargo and ULD Control until his promotion to Project Manger, Operations Support.
Since
2002, Gérard has been the Head of Quality Assurance of Ground Services.
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Mr. Gérard GUILLAUME Manager Quality & Procdures Cargolux Airlines International S.A.
National and international regulations impose more and more stringent standards & restrictions for the transportation of live animals by air, which results into a need for the operator to invest into the establishment of best practices, including training and audit programs, to ensure global compliance.
Ultimately however and despite the constraints, the animals will benefit from it. This presentation will focus on key points related to the transport of live animals by air, with the constraints and enhancements.
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Dr Julio Pinto C, DVM
Deputy
Head World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) 12 rue de Prony
75017,
Paris, France Tel.: + 33 (0) 1 44 15 18 88
Dr. Pinto has joined the OIE International Trade Department and he is coordinating the coordination of animal welfare standards since February 2006. A native of Chile, Dr. Pinto obtained his first degree of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine in the University of Chile in 1994 with maximum distinction and a Ph.D in Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics at the University of Reading, United Kingdom in 2000. He worked as a researcher in the Livestock production and Veterinary School of the University of Chile between 1995 and 2003. His main research areas included epidemiology of animal diseases, risk analysis and economic evaluation of diseases of highly contagious animal animals. Dr. Pinto joined the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) in March 2003 as a Deputy Head of the Animal Health information Department. He was responsible for collection, analysis, verification and dissemination of animal disease information.
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“OIE'S Transport & Welfare
Dr. Julio
PINTO C., DVM, Ph.D.
Globalisation is an unprecedented situation revolutionising international trade and the movements of live animals and animal products, and animal welfare needs now to be seen in a global context and new approaches to animal welfare adopted.
The main missions of the OIE in animal welfare are the promotion of science based standards and guidelines, the provision of expert advice and the promotion of relevant education and research. Four guidelines on animal welfare were adopted in 2005 by the 167 OIE Member Countries: on slaughter for human consumption, land and sea transport of animals, and humane killing of animals for disease control purposes. OIE makes appropriate use of international scientific expertise in the development of animal welfare guidelines and standards through the use of ad hoc groups.
It is envisaged that OIE guidelines on Animal Welfare will be used as a basis for bilateral agreements between Member Countries. The private sector could also use OIE standards to draw up science-based specifications for different stakeholders that require them to demonstrate that they meet approved standards of animal welfare.
New areas of animal welfare to be addressed in the short and medium term by the OIE include aquatic animal welfare, laboratory animal welfare, stray animal control and the housing of production animals.
“A
Gobal Animal Diseases Update from the World Animal diseases of major importance worldwide include highly pathogenic avian influenza, foot and mouth disease (FMD), classical swine fever, Newcastle disease, rabies, etc.. These animal diseases are of major concern because produce significant economic losses to producers, produce important restrictions on trade of animal and animal products, or present public health concerns.
The global epizootic of highly pathogenic avian influenza that started in late 2003 in South East Asia has spread to other continents such as Europe and Africa through the flow of migratory birds, the smuggling of birds and their products and trade from infected farms/areas. Several countries are facing outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 in domestic and wild birds. FMD continues to be one of the most important and devastating diseases worldwide. During 2006, FMD outbreaks of FMD type O occurred in Argentina after two years of the last reported outbreak in a free zone. In Brazil several outbreaks of FMD type O have been confirmed in a free zone since October 2005 (Matto Grosso do Sul and Parana). One outbreak of FMD virus type A was confirmed in Thrace Region in Turkey. Outbreaks of FMD virus type Asia 1 have been confirmed in Russia in 2005 and 2006 in districts that border with China. BSE is an animal disease of public health concern present in Europe, Asia and recently in North America (USA and Canada). During 2005-2006 cases of BSE were confirmed in the following countries: Ireland, Japan, Switzerland, Sweden and United Kingdom where but the epidemic is on a steep downward curve.
One of the main missions of the OIE is to guarantee the transparency of the animal disease situation worldwide. The OIE has in place the World Animal Health information System (WAHIS) that includes an early warning system and a monitoring system for all OIE listed diseases. The latest information on significant epidemiological events of animal diseases or zoonoses is available on the OIE web site www.oie.int.
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